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dluited (States @anni @time JOHN S. MORTON ANDQJOSEPH H. LANING, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLQ VANIA, ASSIGNORS TO JOHN S. MORTON.

Letters Patent No. 102,301, dated April 26, 1870.

PNBUMAT'IC vacuum-ENGINE.

Theschedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making p'axt of the same.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN S. MoRToN and JosnPH H. LANING, both of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Pneumatic Vacuum-Engine, of which the following is a specification.

In our said engine we employ the pressure of the atmosphere as the motive power; this pressure being caused to act alternately on the opposite faces of a piston, which moves in a cylinder into or toward a partial vacuum formed alternately on opposite sides of the piston.

In the drawings- Figure lrepreseuts a horizontal section of the cylinder a, piston, piston-rod, valves, and a plan of the other parts ofthe engine.

Figure 2 represents a vertical section of the vacuum-chambers or vessels, their valves, and the ire-l box, and a side elevation of other parts of the engine.

a represents a metallic cylinder, closedat each end by movable heads b and c, the head c being provided with a central aperture for the rod d, which is attached to the piston c.

j, g, h, and i are ports or openings iu the cylinder a at its alternate ends.

The ports f and g are closed by valves k and l.

The ports h. and 4Z are left open at all times, they being connected by pipes or conduits z and y with the vacuum-chambers m and u respectively.

The chambers m and n are plain metallic cylinders, closed at each end by heads p, fig. 2.

q q1 q q are apertures in the heads p.

r fr1 r2 ci' are slide-valves, for closing the apertures last named.

s s' are rods for moving these valves.

t, fig. 2, is the fire-box, which is of ordinary construction.

uis a rock-shaft, for operating the valve-rods s s'.

c, iig. 1, is a lever, for operating the rock-shaft u.

The lever c is provided with a yoke, w, tig. 2, in which the full-stroke cam z turns. l

a', fig. l, is a lever, for operating the valves k and l. This lever is provided with a yoke and cam, similar to those marked lw and z.

b', iig. 1, is the crank-shaft. cams referred to. l

c', g. 1, is a lever, attached at one end to the crank l'faud at the other end by a flexible joint, c', to the cross-head f', which is Iattached to the piston rod al, and slides on guides hv'.

g is a fly-wheel on the shaft b.

The oper. tion of the engine is as follows:

It also carries the The apertures q and q2 being open, as shown in g. v 2, the heat or rareed air and gaseous products of combustion from the fire-box t enter through the aperture q2 into the chamber m, expanding the air therein, and driving it out of said chamber through the aperture q. At the same time the atmosphere is pressing through the open port f in cylinder a, g.,1, on the pistou c, and driving the piston to the opposite end ofthe cylinder toward the vacuum already formed in chamber n, the arrangement of the Valve-rodsa, s, and s', and their connected operating parts being such that the instant the piston c reaches the end of its stroke, the aperture q, q2, and f are closed, and the apertures q1, q, and g at the same time opened.

The opening of -apertures q1 and q allows the heat or highly rarifled air and gaseous products of combustion from the fire-box t to enter through the aperture q into the chamber ln, expanding the air therein and driving it ont of this chamber through the aperture q.

At the same time the atmosphere through the open port g, fig. 1, pressing on the piston e, drives 'itc toward the opposite end of the cylinder a, to wit, into the position it is shown to occupy in iig. 1.

Thus it will be seen that a partial vacuum is alternatelyformed in thc chambers m and n in front of the piston c, and that the motion of the said piston into or toward either such vacuum is due wholly to the pressure of the atmosphere exerted alternately on opposite faces of the piston.

We prefer to make the vacuum-chambers m andfn' each of from two to five times the capacity of the cyl.- inder a.

We claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 4 1. The two separate vacuum-vessels or chambers,

m and n, with their valves r c r2 r3 for the top and bottom apertures of said chambers, respectively, constructed substantially as set forth.

2. The cylinder a, its piston, ports, valves and valverods, in combination with the vacuum chambers lm and n and fire-box, inthe manner and for the purpose substantially as set forth.

3. The arrangement of tbe vacuum-chambers m and n in connection with a device .for producing heat,- so that the heat, rarefied air, or gaseous products of combustion, shall rise into and pass out of said chambers, substantially as set forth.

` JOHN S. MORTON.

JOS. H. LANING.

XVitnesSes:

I. C. MILLER, A. J. Hawes. 

